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590Part IIIAdvanced Features and Techniques$returnValue = many ; echo
$returnValue = ; echo $returnValue; return innerFunction($returnValue); } echo

The time has come, the Walrus said, to talk of ; echo outerFunction() . . ; ?> Using print_r() The usual printing functions are handy, but more specialized ones can prove more useful fordebugging purposes. Chief among these is print_r(), an extraordinarily clever print statement that, among otherthings, will automatically render the contents of an array in a way that s comprehensible to ahuman reader. Recall that this code: $stateCaps = array( New South Wales => Sydney , Victoria => Melbourne , South Australia => Adelaide ); echo $stateCaps; will result in some pretty useless output. It will say simply: ArrayNot too handy. In contrast, the same array definition, followed by this line: Print_r($$stateCaps); results in much more useful output: Array ( [New South Wales] => [Sydney] [Victoria] => [Melbourne] [South Australia] => [Adelaide] ) It s immediately obvious to the person doing the debugging what the contents (keys and val- ues) of the array are. Using syslog() PHP provides a function, syslog(), with which you can write directly into the log of the oper- ating system running your PHP environment. It s a handy function, useful if you want to log allsystem problems to a standard location or if you want to alert a system administrator whomight not be directly involved in PHP development.
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